From the experience I have had manipulating 360 degree images, I have noticed that the desired effect of disorientation and confusion is better obtained when chaging specific elements: altering the ground on which one would "stand", distorting the buildings (or what is above the viewer) to make the user feel smaller, mix elements of the sky (or ceiling) with the ground, making the user not understand what he is standing on.
More over, when using effects, I noticed that applying different filters to different objects in the photographs does not result as effective. Applying one (or maximum two) filters for a large portion of the photograph creates a more inclusive and disorientating. Examples of these can be found below this text. Also, filters that work by distorting through waves or squares work very well.